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BACKGROUND
The authors analyzed the incidence and types of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in patients treated for medulloblastoma.
METHODS
The authors compared the incidence of SMNs after radiotherapy (RT) for medulloblastoma in patients treated in 1973‐2014 with the incidence in the general population with the multiple primary–standardized incidence ratio function of Surveillance, Epidemiology,...
Background
Symptom burden and reduced quality of life (QOL) are considerable hurdles in oncology. The authors used the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), which assesses physical and psychosocial health, to establish a mean symptom burden, examine potential drivers, and characterize severe symptom burden in breast cancer patient subgroups with the goal of characterizing...
BACKGROUND
Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an important goal for improving survival. Individuals who meet published guidelines for surveillance may be underidentified, and family communication about risk represents a pathway to increasing participation in surveillance. We investigated the uptake of and barriers to surveillance in at‐risk relatives of clinic patients...
Background
A Medicare effect has been described to account for increased health care utilization occurring at the age of 65 years. The existence of such an effect in cancer care, where it would be most likely to reduce mortality, has been unclear.
Methods
Patients aged 61 to 69 years who were diagnosed with lung, breast, colon, or prostate cancer from 2004 to 2016 were identified with the Surveillance,...
Background
Data are lacking about the benefit of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) in older patients with multiple comorbidities. The authors sought to determine the effect of ET on the survival of older patients who had multiple comorbidities and estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative, pathologic node‐negative (pN0) breast cancer.
Methods
Women aged...
BACKGROUND
The clinical landscape has moved toward less aggressive end‐of‐life care for women with ovarian cancer. However, whether there has been a decline in the use of aggressive end‐of‐life services is unknown. The authors evaluated current national trends and racial disparities in end‐of‐life care among women with ovarian cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare–linked...
Background
For patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN)‐positive cutaneous melanoma, the Second Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy trial demonstrated equivalent disease‐specific survival (DSS) with active surveillance using nodal ultrasound versus completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Adoption and outcomes of active surveillance in clinical practice and in adjuvant therapy recipients are unknown...
BACKGROUND
For men with radiation‐managed prostate cancer, there is conflicting evidence regarding the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM), particularly among those who have with preexisting comorbidities. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between ADT and CVM across patient comorbidity status using prospectively collected...
Background
Treatments for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) differ in toxicity, administration, and evidence. In this study, clinical and nonclinical factors associated with the first‐line treatment for CRPC in a national delivery system were evaluated.
Methods
National electronic laboratory and clinical data from the Veterans Health Administration were used to identify patients...
Background
The global burden of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) is increasing. A comprehensive evaluation of the burden is crucial to improve strategies for GBTC prevention and treatment.
Methods
The incidence rates, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBTC from 1990 to 2017 were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2017. Estimated annual percent...
Background
The arrival of immunotherapies and targeted therapies challenged the authorities to make them available as soon as possible. France has effective tools, such as clinical trials (CTs) and a national early access program (temporary authorizations for use [ATUs] and temporary recommendations for use [RTUs]), allowing the use of innovative drugs, whether or not they have been authorized or...
Background
Tanning bed use is common among US adolescents, but is associated with increased melanoma risk. The decision to ban tanning bed use by adolescents should be made in consideration of the potential health benefits and costs.
Methods
The US population aged 14 to 17 years was modeled by microsimulation, which compared ban versus no ban strategies. Lifetime quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs)...
BACKGROUND
Unsolicited patient complaints (UPCs) about physician practices are nonrandomly associated with malpractice claims and clinical quality. The authors evaluated the distributions and types of UPCs associated with oncologists by specialty and assessed oncologist characteristics associated with UPCs.
METHODS
This retrospective study reviewed UPCs associated with US radiation oncologists...
Before the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the overall survival of patients with advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) was 10 to 20 months because of the lack of approved therapies. In the last 20 years, a treatment algorithm for patients with advanced GISTs, which includes imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib as first‐, second‐, and third‐line therapies,...
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